{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# SW04 - Flipped Classroom  \n",
    "\n",
    "*This JupyterNotebook is intended to practice the theory alongside the slides and is used as a \"practical check of the theory input\". There are no sample solutions and the file will not be corrected and does not have to be submitted.*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***  \n",
    "### F-string  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "string plus  19.2\n",
      "string plus 19.2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "variabel = 19.2\n",
    "\n",
    "normal_string = \"string plus\" + str(variabel)\n",
    "print(\"string plus \",variabel)\n",
    "\n",
    "f_string = f\"string plus {variabel}\"\n",
    "print(f\"string plus {variabel}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.1416\n",
      "00012\n",
      "11\n",
      "b\n",
      "13\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# runden (4 stellen nach dem Komma)\n",
    "pi = 3.141592653589793\n",
    "print(f\"{pi:.4f}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# 0-padding (5 stellen vor dem Komma)\n",
    "print(f\"{12:05}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# binar \n",
    "print(f\"{3:b}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# hex\n",
    "print(f\"{11:x}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# oktal\n",
    "print(f\"{11:o}\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***  \n",
    "### Sequences  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_string = \"sequenz\"\n",
    "\n",
    "len(my_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'e'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_string[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "s\n",
      "e\n",
      "q\n",
      "u\n",
      "e\n",
      "n\n",
      "z\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for letter in my_string:\n",
    "    print(letter)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('o' in my_string)\n",
    "\n",
    "print('e' in my_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"Juan\" in \"Juan Carlos Santiago-Dominguez Rodriguez Hernandez Martinez Fernandez\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'str' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[1;32mIn[11], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# geht nicht, da non-mutable\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[0m \u001b[43mmy_string\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m2\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124ma\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'str' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# geht nicht, da non-mutable\n",
    "my_string[2] = \"a\"\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***  \n",
    "### Slicing  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ln od\n",
      "xedni ot drow gnol\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "word = \"long word to index\"\n",
    "print(word[0:10:2])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(word[::-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***  \n",
    "### Strings  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "WOLFGANG\n",
      "wolfgang\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \"Wolfgang\"\n",
    "print(name.upper())\n",
    "print(name.lower())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['Wolfgang', 'Amadeus', 'Mozart']\n",
      "['', 'path', 'to', 'a', 'file', 'deep', 'in', 'a', 'folder']\n",
      "folder\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# split function\n",
    "name = \"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\"\n",
    "print(name.split())\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "string_path = \"//path//to//a//file//deep//in//a//folder\"\n",
    "print(string_path.split(\"//\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "last_folder = string_path.split(\"//\")[-1]\n",
    "print(last_folder)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(string_path.count(\"//\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'H\\xc3\\xb6llo'\n",
      "<class 'bytes'>\n",
      "[72, 195, 182, 108, 108, 111]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "word = \"Hallo\"\n",
    "utf_8_word = word.encode()\n",
    "print(utf_8_word)\n",
    "\n",
    "# it's now bytes not String anymore\n",
    "print(type(utf_8_word))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(list(utf_8_word))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***  \n",
    "### Lists  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4\n",
      "1\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "String\n",
      "2.0\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list = [1,2,\"String\",2.0]\n",
    "\n",
    "print(len(my_list))\n",
    "print(my_list[0])\n",
    "\n",
    "for el in my_list:\n",
    "    print(el)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(1 in my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 34, 'String', 2.0]\n",
      "[30, 34, 'String', 2.0]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list[0] = \"a\"\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list[0:2] = [30, 34]\n",
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]\n",
      "['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",
      "['this', 'is', 'great!']\n",
      "['this', 'is', 'great!']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Dies ist eine typische Iterable (Liste), generiert durch range()\n",
    "print(list(range(20)))\n",
    "\n",
    "# geht auch mit strings\n",
    "print(list(\"Hello World\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "# liste mit Woertern - list() kann weggelassen werden\n",
    "print(list(\"this is great!\".split()))\n",
    "# split() kreiert schon eine Liste\n",
    "print(\"this is great!\".split())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 'String', 2.0]\n",
      "1\n",
      "[2, 'String', 2.0]\n",
      "[2, 'String', 2.0, 5]\n",
      "['a', 2, 'String', 2.0, 5]\n",
      "['a', 2, 'String', 2.0, 5, 1, 2, 3]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list = [1,2,\"String\",2.0]\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "elem = my_list.pop(0)\n",
    "print(elem)\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list.append(5)\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list.insert(0, \"a\")\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list.extend([1,2,3])\n",
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3, [1, 2, 3]]\n",
      "[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Quiz from Theorie\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list = [1,2,3]\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list.append([1,2,3])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "# again but with extend\n",
    "my_list = [1,2,3]\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list.extend([1,2,3])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3]\n",
      "['a', 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3]\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "list.remove(x): x not in list",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[1;32mIn[44], line 13\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     11\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# causes an error\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m     12\u001b[0m value \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 13\u001b[0m \u001b[43mmy_list\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mremove\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mvalue\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[0;32m     14\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(my_list)\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: list.remove(x): x not in list"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list = ['a', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "\n",
    "value = 1\n",
    "my_list.remove(value)\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "value = 1\n",
    "my_list.remove(value)\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "# causes an error\n",
    "value = 1\n",
    "my_list.remove(value)\n",
    "print(my_list)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list = ['a', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list.clear()\n",
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3.0, 5, 10, 30]\n",
      "[30, 10, 5, 3.0, 2, 1]\n",
      "['Martin', 'martin']\n",
      "['martin', 'Martin']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list = [5,3.0,2,1,10,30]\n",
    "my_list.sort()\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list.reverse()\n",
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***  \n",
    "### typical errors with mutables - Copy by Reference  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "World\n",
      "World\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"World\"\n",
    "b = a\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "# b ist eine volle Kopie \n",
    "a = \"another World\"\n",
    "print(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3]\n",
      "[1, 2, 4]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "my_list_2 = my_list\n",
    "print(my_list_2)\n",
    "\n",
    "# copy by reference mit Listen\n",
    "my_list_2[2] = 4\n",
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3]\n",
      "[1, 2, 3]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# \"richtige\" Kopien erstellen\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "my_list_2 = my_list.copy()\n",
    "print(my_list_2)\n",
    "\n",
    "# copy by reference mit Listen\n",
    "my_list_2[2] = 4\n",
    "print(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***  \n",
    "### Lists and loops  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Iterating through a sequence (list, tuple, string) has the form:\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "for element in iterable\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "where *element* is an (arbitrary variable name) and has the content of the respective element of the iterable (e.g. list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
    "for elem in my_list:\n",
    "    print(elem)\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 4, 9, 16]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# mit for-Schleife eine neue Liste erstellen\n",
    "my_list = [1,2,3,4]\n",
    "my_sqr_list = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for nbr in my_list:\n",
    "    my_sqr_list.append(nbr**2)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(my_sqr_list)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n",
      "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Erstellen einer Liste mit einer for Schleife\n",
    "\n",
    "my_list = []\n",
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    my_list.append(i)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(my_list)\n",
    "\n",
    "# bessere Lösung wäre:\n",
    "my_list_alt = list(range(10))\n",
    "print(my_list_alt)"
   ]
  }
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